产品 | 让世界更了解山西（十七）——恒山黄芪

地理标志产品  恒山黄芪

Product of geographical indication

Hengshan Astragalus membranaceus

产品名称：恒山黄芪

地理标志保护产品公告号：国家质量监督检验检疫总局2014年第44号

Product Name:Hengshan Astragalus membranaceus

Publication Number of Geographical Indication Protection Product:General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China in 2014 No. 44

产品特色

黄芪—中药，含有黄芪皂苷类、多糖类、黄酮类物质，多种氨基酸，硒、锌、硅、钴、钼等微量元素，以及香豆素、叶酸、苦味酸、胆碱、甜菜碱、亚油酸、β—谷甾醇等多种活性化学成分，能兴奋中枢神经系统，增强机体的抗病能力与免疫力，调节机体平衡，对改善心肺功能，扩张血管，改善微循环，降血压，降血糖，保护肝肾，促进细胞的新陈代谢及抗病毒，抗菌，抗癌，抗衰老等，均有良好的作用。

恒山黄芪主根粗而长、均匀顺直、皮嫩无叉、色泽黄亮，为商品中的“鞭秆芪”。

Product Features

Astragalus membranaceus - a traditional Chinese medicine that contains astragalus saponins, polysaccharides, flavonoids, various amino acids, trace elements such as selenium, zinc, silicon, cobalt, molybdenum, as well as coumarin, folic acid, picric acid, choline, betaine, linoleic acid, sitosterol and so on. It can excite the central nervous system, enhance the body’s disease resistance and immunity, regulate body balance, improve cardiovascular function, dilate blood vessels, improve microcirculation, lower blood pressure, lower blood sugar, protect the liver and kidneys, promote cell metabolism, and has good effects in combating viruses, antibacterial, anti-cancer, anti-aging, etc.

The main root of Hengshan Astragalus membranaceus is thick and long, uniform and straight, with tender and flawless skin, and a bright yellow color. It is known as the “whip stem astragalus” in commodities.

人文历史

《浑源县志》记载：浑源县早在1500年前的北魏时期即有采药士为入中药而上恒山采刨黄芪，元朝末期浑源县西南山区碾子沟村的世代土著猎人王应昆、王应仲兄弟俩到处狩猎，顺便采摘黄芪种子撒在了恒山群峰上。

公元1475年明成化本《山西通志》记载：大同府主产黄芪，已有500多年的历史。

1685年（清康熙年间），安国人在浑源加工黄芪，安国为千年药都，安国人对道地药材的品质有极高的追求，安国人在当地加工黄芪，一是对浑源黄芪品质的肯定，另一方面也把黄芪的加工工艺带到了浑源。

Humanistic History

According to the Annals of Hunyuan County, as early as 1500 years ago during the Northern Wei Dynasty, there were medicinal gatherers who went up to Hengshan to collect Astragalus membranaceus for the purpose of incorporating traditional Chinese medicine. In the late Yuan Dynasty, the indigenous hunters Wang Yingkun and Wang Yingzhong from Nianzigou Village in the southwestern mountainous area of Hunyuan County went hunting everywhere, while also picking Astragalus membranaceus seeds and scattering them on the peaks of Mount Hengshan.

In 1475, the Ming Dynasty Chenghua edition of the “Shanxi Chorography” recorded that the main production of Astragalus membranaceus in Datong had a history of more than 500 years.

In 1685 (during the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty), the people of Anguo processed Astragalus membranaceus in Hunyuan. Anguo is a millennium old medicinal capital, and its people have a high pursuit of the quality of authentic medicinal materials. Anguo people processed Astragalus membranaceus locally, which not only affirms the quality of Astragalus membranaceus from Hunyuan, but also brings the processing technology of Astragalus membranaceus to Hunyuan.

产地环境

恒山黄芪主产区集中在浑源县南部的恒山山脉，该地区海拔1250~1950米，年无霜期110~130天，年最高气温25°C~28°C，最低气温-30C~35°C，年平均气温3.6~4°C，年降雨量380~410毫米，年平均日照时数2679小时；土壤由花岗岩和片麻岩分化而成，属砂质壤土，成土母质好，有机质含量高，土质疏松，土层深厚，pH值在7~8之间；空气新鲜，水流清澈；因正好处在山西四大富硒区之内，土壤富含微量元素硒。这些独特的生态环境十分符合黄芪的生物学特性，非常有利于黄芪的生长。

保护范围：浑源县官儿乡、千佛岭乡、青磁窑镇、东坊城乡、裴村乡、大仁庄乡、沙圪坨镇、王庄堡镇。

Origin environment

The main production area of Hengshan Astragalus membranaceus is concentrated in the Hengshan Mountains in the southern part of Hunyuan County. The area has an altitude of 1250-1950 meters, an annual frost free period of 110-130 days, a maximum annual temperature of 25 °C to 28 °C, a minimum temperature of -30 °C to -35 °C, an average annual temperature of 3.6-4 °C, an annual rainfall of 380-410 millimeters, and an average annual sunshine hours of 2679 hours. The soil of Hengshan is differentiated from granite and gneiss, belonging to sandy loam soil with good parent material, high organic matter content, loose soil, deep soil layer, and a pH value between 7-8. The air here is fresh and the water flow is clear. Due to being located within the four selenium rich areas of Shanxi, the soil here is rich in trace element selenium. These unique ecological environments are highly in line with the biological characteristics of Astragalus membranaceus and are very conducive to its growth.

Scope of protection: Guan'er Township, Qianfo Ling Township, Qingciyao Town, Dongfangcheng Township, Peicun Township, Darenzhuang Township, Shagetuo Town, and Wangzhuangbao Town in Hunyuan County.

产业发展

近年来，浑源县委县政府立足黄芪产业基础优势，以黄芪资源和生态保护为前提，黄芪种植示范基地为支撑，黄芪精深加工为牵引，黄芪产业服务新业态为推手，组建浑源县恒山黄芪产业发展领导小组，邀请山西中医药大学编制完成《浑源县黄芪产业发展规划》，制定了山西省地方标准《地理标志保护产品恒山黄芪》和恒山黄芪团体标准《恒山黄芪饮片规格等级》，成功申报恒山黄芪药食同源试点，带动全县优势特色黄芪种植、储存、加工、销售、文化一体化发展，不断延伸黄芪产业链条，促进黄芪一二三产进一步融合发展。

目前，全县现有宜芪面积39. 5万亩，有芪面积28. 1万亩，规范化种植面积达到23万亩，年采刨量可达2500万公斤，已经形成种植、采刨交替进行的良性循环。

在浑源县依法注册登记的黄芪种植加工企业297家，其中有限公司76家(省级龙头企业4家，市级龙头企业6家)，农民专业合作社136个（其中国家级示范社1个，省级示范社3个，市级示范社10个），个体工商户85家，从业人员远超一万余人。

黄芪产业已成为浑源乡村振兴和县域经济转型跨越的重要支柱产业。

Industry Development

In recent years, the Hunyuan County Party Committee and Government have established a leading group for the development of the Hengshan Astragalus membranaceus industry in Hunyuan County, based on the basic advantages of the Astragalus membranaceus industry, with Astragalus membranaceus resources and ecological protection as the premise, Astragalus membranaceus planting demonstration bases as the support, deep processing of Astragalus membranaceus as the traction, and new service formats of the Astragalus membranaceus industry as the driving force. They have invited Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine to prepare and complete the Hunyuan County Astragalus membranaceus Industry Development Plan and have formulated the local standard Geographical Indication Protection Product Hengshan Astragalus membranaceus and the Hengshan Astragalus membranaceus Group standard Hengshan Astragalus membranaceus Decoction Piece Specification Grade in Shanxi. They have successfully applied for the pilot program of Hengshan Astragalus membranaceus medicinal and food homology, driving the integrated development of the county’s advantageous and characteristic Astragalus membranaceus cultivation, storage, processing, sales, and culture, continuously extending the Astragalus membranaceus industry chain, and promoting further integration and development of the first, second, and third industries of Astragalus membranaceus.

At present, the county has a suitable area for planting Astragalus membranaceus of 395000 mu, with a planting area of 281000 mu, with a standardized planting area of 230000 mu and an annual harvesting volume of 25 million kilograms, has formed a virtuous cycle of alternating planting and harvesting.

There are 297 registered Astragalus membranaceus planting and processing enterprises in Hunyuan County, including 76 limited companies (4 provincial-level leading enterprises and 6 municipal level leading enterprises), 136 farmer professional cooperatives (including 1 national demonstration cooperative, 3 provincial-level demonstration cooperatives, and 10 municipal demonstration cooperatives), 85 individual industrial and commercial households. The number of employees far exceeds ten thousand.

The Astragalus membranaceus industry has become an important pillar industry for the revitalization of rural areas in Hunyuan and the transformation of county economy.