产品 | 让世界更了解山西（十八）——汾州核桃

地理标志产品  汾州核桃

Product of geographical indication

Fenzhou Walnuts

产品名称：汾州核桃

地理标志保护产品公告号：国家质量监督检验检疫总局2008年第97号

Product Name:Fenzhou Walnuts

Publication Number of Geographical Indication Protection Product:General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China in 2008 No. 97

产品特点

汾州核桃为胡桃科核桃属，落叶乔木，树势旺盛，枝条粗壮，树冠呈半圆形，树体高大而枝干秀挺，绿荫爽适并散发清香气息，寿命可达四五百年以上；代表品种有大龙眼（晋龙1号）、小龙眼（晋龙2号）、中林1号、汾南3号等；每年3月下旬萌芽，4月下旬开花，到9月下旬即白露后一周成熟。

汾州核桃，具有果实外形悦目、个头大、皮薄、出仁率高、仁色浅、香脆可口等优点。最大的特色在于所含人体必需脂肪酸-亚油酸和α-亚麻酸的比例恰好为4：1，而这个比例是人体摄入不饱和脂肪酸的黄金比例。

Product Features

Fenzhou walnut is a deciduous tree belonging to the walnut family, with vigorous growth and thick branches. The crown is semi-circular, the tree is tall and the branches are graceful. The green shade is refreshing and emits a refreshing fragrance, and the lifespan can reach over four to five hundred years; Representative varieties include Dalongyan (Jinlong 1), Xiaolongyan (Jinlong 2), Zhonglin 1, Fennan 3, etc; Buds sprout in late March, bloom in late April, and mature one week after the white dew in late September.

Fenzhou walnuts have the advantages of pleasing appearance, large size, thin skin, high kernel yield, light kernel color, and crispy and delicious taste. The biggest feature is that the ratio of essential fatty acids- linoleic acid and alpha- linolenic acid is 4:1, which is the golden ratio of unsaturated fatty acids consumed by the human body.

人文历史

从汾阳地史资料记载核桃原名胡桃，又名羌桃、万岁子或长寿果。据《名医别录》记载：“此果出自羌胡，汉时张骞出使西域，始得种还，移植秦中，渐及东土”。“羌胡”古时指现在的南亚，东欧及国内新疆、甘肃和宁夏等地。张骞将其引进中原地区时，名叫“胡桃”。汾阳，古属汾州，汾州核桃迄今已有2000余年的核桃种植历史，这里出产的“汾州核桃”以其个大、壳薄、肉厚、营养丰富等特点而闻名。

清乾隆年间，数以万计的汾商在外经商、做工，汾州土特产也随之不断地运往外地，而汾州核桃就是最具有代表性的土特产。汾州人不但将核桃带到各地作为自用、还作为礼品馈赠朋友，同时也进行贸易，以物换物。汾阳市南偏城村百年核桃大树约5000余株，其接穗销往云南、贵州、四川、陕西、甘肃、新疆，不论植于山梁沟壑，还是长在异地他乡，均能枝繁叶茂。

1973年3月26日至4月6日，全国13个省、市、自治区在汾阳市南偏城村召开了”全国出口核桃生产经验交流会”，各省、市、自治区参观学习者纷至沓来。会议期间，时任国务院副总理的王震将军，将陕西商洛的牛蛋核桃种子（当地的一种核桃品种）亲手交给核桃王王厚富，嘱咐：“要使牛蛋核桃在南偏城村开花结果”。后经王厚富精心培育，现播种在流沟地的树胸径已有碗口粗，枝繁叶茂、硕果累累，核桃大似牛蛋，该树被汾阳市人民政府立为将军树。

Humanistic History

According to the historical records of Fenyang, walnuts were originally named Shouguo, also known as Qiangtao, Wansuizi, or Changshou fruit. According to the "Record of Famous Doctors", "This fruit originated from Qianghu. During the Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian went to the Western Regions, obtained the seed and returned it, transplanted it to the Qin Dynasty, and gradually spreading to the eastern region.". "Qianghu" in ancient times referred to present South Asia, Eastern Europe, and domestic regions such as Xinjiang, Gansu, and Ningxia. When Zhang Qian introduced it to the Central Plains, it was called "Walnut". Fenyang, formerly part of Fenzhou, has a walnut cultivation history of over 2000 years. The Fenzhou walnuts are famous for their large size, thin shell, thick flesh, and rich nutrition.

During the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, tens of thousands of Fenzhou merchants engaged in business and work abroad, and Fenzhou's local specialties were constantly transported to other places, with Fenzhou walnuts being the most representative local products. Fenzhou people not only bring walnuts to various places for personal use, but also as gifts to friends, and also engage in trade, exchanging goods for goods. There are more than 5000 hundred year old walnut trees in southern city village, Fenyang City. Their scions are sold to Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Gansu, and Xinjiang. Whether planted in mountain ridges and valleys or growing in other places, they can grow vigorously.

From March 26 to April 6, 1973, 13 provinces, cities, and autonomous regions of the country held the "National Export Walnut Production Experience Exchange Conference" in southern city village, Fenyang City. Visitors and learners from various provinces, cities, and autonomous regions came in droves. During the meeting, General Wang Zhen, who was then Vice Premier of the State Council, personally handed over the seeds of the cow ball walnuts (a local walnut variety) from Shangluo, Shaanxi to Walnut King Wang Houfu, instructing him “to make the cow ball walnuts bloom and bear fruit in the southern city village". After the careful cultivation by Wang Houfu, the tree now planted in the flowing ditch has a bawl diameter, with luxuriant leaves, and abundant fruits. Walnuts are as big as cow balls, and the tree has been established as a general tree by the People's Government of Fenyang City.

产地环境

汾阳市拥有独特的优越环境———深厚的黄土层、地势高寒、雨量适中、气候温和、光照充足、沟壑纵横、蒸发量少，优越的地理环境造就了优质的核桃。

汾州核桃产地位于吕梁山东麓黄土丘陵地带，北纬37°左右，海拔700～1300米之间，2008年9月，汾州核桃通过国家质检总局评审，批准为国家地理标志保护产品，保护范围有汾阳市栗家庄镇、石庄镇、杨家庄镇等区域。汾州核桃具有个大、皮薄、肉厚、仁色浅、香脆可口等优点。

Origin environment

Fenyang City has a unique and superior environment which is deep loess layer, high and cold terrain, moderate rainfall, mild climate, sufficient sunlight, crisscrossing gullies, and low evaporation. The superior geographical environment has created high-quality walnuts.

The production area of Fenzhou walnuts is located in the loess hilly area of the eastern foothills of Lvliang, with a latitude of about 37 ° N and an altitude of 700-1300 meters. In September 2008, Fenzhou walnuts passed the evaluation of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of China and were approved as national geographical indication protection products. The protection scope includes areas such as Lijiazhuang Town, Shizhuang Town, and Yangjiazhuang Town in Fenyang City. Fenzhou walnuts have advantages of large size, thin skin, thick flesh, light kernel color, and crispy and delicious taste.

产业发展

在科技服务方面：一是建立完善核桃生产技术推广运用服务体系，探索技术服务的新机制；二是制定出台《核桃种植技术标准》，推广“六个一”标准，即：一块好地、一眼水井、一担井水、一株壮苗、一担农家肥、一块地膜；三是制定出台《核桃集约经营技术方案》，引导农户开展以幼树抚育、固土培肥、低产低效林改造、成熟采摘为主要内容的集约化经营；四是推行核桃药材套种、林农间作等方式扩大核桃种植面积，改善和优化核桃种植立地条件；五是加强与省市林业科研部门的合作；六是积极筹建核桃研究所和博物馆，广泛开展试验示范，攻克技术难关。

Industry Development

In terms of scientific and technological services: firstly, establish and improve a service system for promoting and applying walnut production technology, and explore new mechanisms for technological services; The second is to formulate and introduce the "Technical Standards for Walnut Planting", promote the "Six Ones" standards, namely: one good land, one good well, one well water, one strong seedling, one load of farm manure, and one plastic film; The third is to formulate and introduce the "Walnut Intensive Management Technology Plan", guiding farmers to carry out intensive management mainly focusing on young tree nurturing, soil fixation and fertilization, low-yield and low-efficiency forest transformation, and mature harvesting; The fourth is to expand the planting area of walnuts through methods such as inter-planting of walnut medicinal materials and inter-cropping between forest and farmers, and improve and optimize the site conditions for walnut planting; Fifth, strengthen cooperation with provincial and municipal forestry research departments; The sixth is to actively establish walnut research institutes and museums, conduct extensive experimental demonstrations, and overcome technical difficulties.