产品 | 让世界更了解山西（二十一）——陵川连翘

地理标志商标

陵川连翘

Geographical indication trademark

Lingchuan Forsythia

产品名称：陵川连翘

地理标志证明商标注册号：第28284531号

Product Name：Lingchuan Forsythia

Registration number of geographical indication certification trademark：No. 28284531

产品特色

陵川连翘（特指青翘果实）外观呈长卵圆形，稍扁，长1.60cm～2.50cm，直径0.70cm～1.2cm，有不规则的纵皱纹，两面各有一条明显的纵沟，顶端锐尖，多不开裂，基部有小果梗或已脱落，种子多数，细长，皮薄，凸起的灰白色小斑点较少；表面黄绿色或绿褐色，内表面多为浅褐色，种子褐色；有浓郁的清香味，味苦，具有果大、质硬、肉厚的特点；醇溶性浸出物≥30%，连翘≥0.35%，连翘酯苷≥4%。

Product Features

Lingchuan Forsythia (specifically referring to cyan Forsythia fruit) has a long oval shape, slightly flattened, 1.60cm~2.50cm in length, 0.70cm~1.2cm in diameter, irregular longitudinal wrinkles, and a clear longitudinal groove on both sides. The top is sharp and mostly does not crack. There are small fruit stems at the base or they have fallen off. The seeds are mostly slender, with thin skin and few protruding gray white small spots; The surface is yellow green or green brown, the inner surface is mostly light brown, and the seeds are brown; It has a strong and fragrant taste, with a bitter taste and characteristics of large fruit, hard texture, and thick flesh; Alcohol soluble extract ≥ 30%, Forsythia suspensa ≥ 0.35%, Forsythia suspensa glycosides ≥ 4%.

人文历史

陵川连翘历史悠久。早在宋·《本草图经》中就有“泽州连翘”的记载（古代泽州即为今山西东南部陵川、沁水、阳城、晋城、高平等地）；明·《本草品汇精要》中提到“连翘生泰山山谷及河中江宁府，泽、润、淄、兖、鼎、岳、利州，南康军皆有之，道地泽州”；乾隆五年（1740年），《陵川县志》将“连翘”作为“药类”收录其中。因此，陵川连翘是史书记载的“泽州连翘”主产地，作为药材使用有着悠久的历史。

陵川连翘名称使用长久。早在清代乾隆时期，陵川著名学者傅弼所撰《陵川赋》一文，是陵川连翘较早的记载。在《陵川县志》十一次修志中，介绍陵川县中药材及产地时，对连翘也均有详细记载。2017年，“陵川连翘”正式编入《陵川年鉴》。

Humanistic History

Lingchuan Forsythia has a long history. As early as the Song Dynasty, there was a record of "Zezhou Forsythia" in the "Bencao Tujing" (in ancient times, Zezhou was located in the southeastern part of present-day Shanxi, including Lingchuan, Qinshui, Yangcheng, Jincheng, and Gaoping); It was mentioned in the Summary of Materia Medica in the Ming Dynasty that "Forsythia grows in Mount Taishan Valley and Jiangning Mansion in the middle of the river. It is located in Ze, Run, Zi, Yan, Ding, Yue, and Lizhou, all of which belong to the Nankang Army and Zezhou is the most authentic”; In the fifth year of the Qianlong reign (1740), the Lingchuan County Annals included "Forsythia suspensa" as a "medicinal herb". Therefore, Lingchuan Forsythia is the main origin of "Zezhou Forsythia" recorded in historical books, and has a long history of use as a medicinal herb.

The name Lingchuan Forsythia has been used for a long time. As early as the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the famous scholar Fu Bi in Lingchuan wrote the "Lingchuan Poem", which is an earlier record of Lingchuan Forsythia. In the eleven revisions of the Lingchuan County Annals, detailed records were also made of Forsythia suspensa when introducing the traditional Chinese medicinal materials and their origins in Lingchuan County. In 2017, "Lingchuan Forsythia" was officially included in the "Lingchuan Yearbook".

产地环境

陵川连翘产地地处南太行之巅，境内最高海拔1791米，最低海拔580米，近1200米的高差，形成了“十里不同温”区域性小气候。年平均降雨量826毫米，为山西省降雨量最大的县；年平均气温7.9℃，夏季温度只有22℃左右，昼夜温差大，无霜期长达130～160天，在这样独特的气候条件下，光合产物转化快，连翘结实率高，质量佳。

绿色生态是陵川县的最大优势，占全县国土面积70％的东部山区森林覆盖率高达80％以上，没有任何污染企业，是一块难得的中药材生长净土。而80％以上的陵川连翘就分布在东部山区1200米以上的石质山阳坡、半阳坡或疏灌木丛中，产区内山地自然土壤有机质含量高于耕地土壤，pH值、全氮、全磷、全钾、有机质等含量完全满足野生连翘的生长需要，因此造就了品质上乘、有效成分含量高、无农药重金属残留的陵川连翘。

Origin environment

The Lingchuan Forsythia production area is located at the top of the Southern Taihang Mountains, with a maximum altitude of 1791 meters and a minimum altitude of 580 meters. With an altitude difference of nearly 1200 meters, it has formed a regional microclimate of "ten miles with different temperatures". The average annual rainfall is 826 millimeters, making it the county with the highest rainfall in Shanxi Province; The annual average temperature is 7.9 ℃, and the summer temperature is only about 22 ℃. There is a large temperature difference between day and night, and the frost free period lasts for 130-160 days. Under such unique climate conditions, the conversion of photosynthetic products is fast, the fruit setting rate of Forsythia suspensa is high, and the quality is excellent.

Green ecology is the biggest advantage of Lingchuan County, with a forest coverage rate of over 80% in the eastern mountainous areas, which account for 70% of the county's land area. There are no polluting enterprises, making it a rare pure land for the growth of traditional Chinese medicine. More than 80% of Lingchuan Forsythia is distributed in rocky mountain sunny slopes, semi sunny slopes, or sparse shrubs over 1200 meters in the eastern mountainous areas. The organic matter content of natural soil in mountainous areas is higher than that of cultivated soil, and the pH value, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, organic matter, and other contents fully meet the growth needs of wild Forsythia. Therefore, Lingchuan Forsythia with superior quality, high effective ingredient content, and no pesticide and heavy metal residues has been created.

产业发展

陵川县连翘资源丰富，野生连翘随处可见，老百姓自古以来就有夏季上山摘“疙瘩”（老百姓称连翘果为“疙瘩”）、冬春上山撸“连皮”（老百姓称老翘为“连皮”）出售增加收入。上世纪90年代以来，县委、县政府将以连翘、潞党参为主的道地中药材列入了全县产业结构调整的骨干产业进行大规模开发。

目前，全县连翘分布面积达到117.88万亩，其中：野生分布面积83.4万亩，野生抚育及山地人工种植面积32万亩（主要指近20年来疏林地、宜林地种植面积），大田种植面积2.48万亩。全县平均年产量6000吨左右（青翘鲜果），折合青翘干货2000吨左右，产量占到全省的1／2，全国的1／4，业界有“全国连翘看山西、山西连翘看陵川”的赞誉。2022年，全县连翘干品产量2200余吨，产值达2.9亿元，仅此一项，全县农民人均收入近2000元。

Industry Development

Lingchuan County has abundant resources of Forsythia, and wild Forsythia can be seen everywhere. Since ancient times, the people have been going up the mountain to pick "bumps" in summer (people call Forsythia fruit "bumps"), and going up the mountain in winter and spring to pick "Lianpi" (people call old Forsythia "Lianpi") to increase their income. Since the 1990s, the county party committee and government have included authentic Chinese medicinal materials such as Forsythia suspensa and Codonopsis pilosula as the backbone industries for large-scale development in the county's industrial structure adjustment.

At present, the distribution area of Forsythia suspensa in the whole county has reached 1.1788 million mu, including 834000 mu of wild distribution area, 320000 mu of wild nurturing and mountain artificial planting area (mainly referring to the planting area of sparse and suitable forest land in the past 20 years), and 24800 mu of field planting area. The average annual production of the whole county is about 6000 tons (fresh fruit of cyan Forsythia), equivalent to about 2000 tons of dried cyan Forsythia, accounting for 1/2 of the province's production and 1/4 of the country's production. The industry is praised as "Shan Xi's Forsythia is the best of China, Lingchuan’s Forsythia is the best of Shan Xi.". In 2022, the dry production of Forsythia in the county exceeded 2200 tons, with a production value of 290 million yuan. This alone resulted in a per capita income of nearly 2000 yuan for farmers in the county.